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# Electricity & Megnetism

## Maxwell’s equations:Derivation in integral and differential form

The 4 Maxwell equations The basic equations of electromagnetism which are collection of Gauss’s law for electricity ,Gauss’s law for magnetism ,Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction and Ampere’s law for currents in conductors are called Maxwell’s equations. These equations are part of comprehensive and symmetrical theory of electromagnetism,which is essential to understand electromagnetic waves,optics,radio and TV transmission,microwave ovens and magnetically ...

## Resistance in series and parallel circuits

Combinations of resistance in electric circuit There are two possible combinations of resistance in electric circuits: Series combination Parallel combination Series combination In series combination,resistors are connected end to end and electric current has a single path through the circuit.This means that the current passing through each resistor is the same. The current is the same through all points in ...

## Inductance of a toroid formula derivation and examples

What is toroid? The solenoid bent into circular shape is called toroid. Inductance of a toroid derivation Consider a toroid having rectangular cross sectional area.The inner radius of the toroid is ‘a’ while outer radius is b.The number of turns of toroid is N.Let i be the current flowing through each turn of toroid. The magnetic field lines inside the ...

## chemical effects of electric current

Chemical effects of current Voltmeter or coulomb meter: The vessel in which electrolytes is carried out.It is also called electrolytic cell. Electrolyte: An ionic compound in aquas solution or molten state is called an electrolyte. Electrolysis: On passing current through an electrolyte,chemical changes occur in electrolyte and substances are liberated at the electrodes.This process is called electrolysis. Faraday’s laws: First ...

## What is difference between step up and step down transformer?

Transformer is an electrical device which is used to step up or step down ac voltage.There are two types of transformer,step up and step down.The difference between step up and step down transformer is that step up transformer increases the input voltage and step down transformer decreases the input voltage. Step up transformer If (Ns greater than NP) and (Vs is greater ...

## coulomb’s and newton’s gravitational law: differences and similarities

Coulomb’s law Newton’s law of gravitation Comparison of Coulomb’s law and Newton’s law of gravitation The electrical force between two charges is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them:It is expressed The gravitational force between two masses is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely ...

## Difference between mutual and self induction

What is Mutual induction? “The process of inducing e.m.f in the secondary coil by changing the magnetic flux of the primary coil with the help of varying current through it is called mutual induction.” If two coils placed together ,then by changing current in one coil sets up a changing magnetic field in the other coil,so induced an e.m.f in ...

## biot savart law:definition, examples, problems and applications

What is the definition of biot savart law? “The magnetic induction at any point produced by current element is directly proportional to the product of the current and the differential element and inversely proportional to the square of distance of the point from the differential element.” Formula of Biot Savart law [latex]\dB=\frac { { \mu  }_{ 0 } }{ 4\pi ...